我国优秀运动员视觉搜索特征:基于眼动实验的Meta分析

Research and Prospect of Visual Search Characteristics of Chinese Elite Athletes Based on Meta-analysis

相关眼动实验的结果存在分歧,亟待进行整合研究。运用Meta分析对我国优秀运动员的视觉搜索特征进行系统评价,并以注视次数、注视时间和眼跳距离为结局变量,以刺激材料、运动项目为调节变量,探讨调节变量对优秀运动员视觉搜索特征的潜在作用,并对未来眼动实验设计进行展望讨论。通过文献检索与筛选,最终纳入41篇文献,文献偏移风险较低,适合进行Meta分析,研究结果:专家组和新手组运动员反应时(Z=5.28,P<0.05)和准确率(Z=7.63,P<0.05)两项行为指标均存在显著性差异;在眼动指标上,注视次数(Z=2.25,P<0.05)具有显著性差异,注视时间(Z=0.97,P>0.05)和眼跳距离(Z=0.89,P>0.05)不存在显著性差异。在注视次数(图片Z=3.34,P<0.05,视频Z=0.55,P>0.05)和注视时间(图片Z=1.55,P>0.05,视频Z=2.46,P<0.05)上,刺激材料的调节作用显著;在注视次数(集体类Z=3.73,P<0.05,个人类Z=0.82,P>0.05)、注视时间(集体类Z=2.98,P<0.05,个人类Z=5.20,P<0.05)和眼跳距离(集体类Z=0.86,P>0.05,个人类Z=4.22,P<0.05)上,运动项目的调节作用显著。

The results of related eye movement experiments are divergent and need to be integrated.Meta-analysis was used to systematically evaluate the visual search characteristics of elite athletes in China.The number of gaze,gaze time and saccade distance were used as the outcome variables.The stimulating materials and sports items were used as the adjustment variables to explore the visual characteristics of the adjustment variables for elite athletes.Potential role,and prospective discussion of future eye movement experiment design.Through literature search and screening,41 articles were finally included,and the risk of document migration was low,which was suitable for meta-analysis.The results of the study:the response of the expert group and the novice group athletes(Z=5.28,P<0.05)and accuracy(Z=7.63,P<0.05).There were significant differences in the two behavioral indicators;in the eye movement index,the number of fixations(Z=2.25,P<0.05)had significant differences,gaze time(Z=0.97,P>0.05)and there was no significant difference in the saccade distance(Z=0.89,P>0.05).Adjustment of stimulating material in the number of gaze(picture Z=3.34,P<0.05,video Z=0.55,P>0.05)and gaze time(picture Z=1.55,P>0.05,video Z=2.46,P<0.05)The effect was significant;the number of gaze(collective class Z=3.73,P<0.05,personal class Z=0.82,P>0.05),gaze time(collective class Z=2.98,P<0.05,personal class Z=5.20,P<0.05)and the eye-jump distance(collective class Z=0.86,P>0.05,personal class Z=4.22,P<0.05),the regulation of sports items is significant.