东莞地区育龄期女性增补叶酸知信行情况的横断面研究

A cross-sectional study on the knowledge,attitude and practice of folic acid supplement status in pregnant women in Dongguan city

目的了解东莞地区育龄期女性关于叶酸增补的知识、信念与行为情况,为制定孕期保健的健康教育和健康促进政策提供参考依据。方法采取随机抽样的方法,对2015年7月-2016年3月东莞市第三人民医院就诊的1445名育龄期女性进行叶酸增补知信行情况的问卷调查。结果95.54%育龄期女性听说过叶酸,70.59%育龄期女性知道叶酸是一种维生素,88.47%育龄期女性知道叶酸可以预防神经管缺陷,86.35%育龄期女性知道叶酸的正确服用频率,45.26%育龄期女性知道叶酸的正确服用剂量,78.37%育龄期女性知道叶酸的最佳增补时间,32.35%育龄期女性能正确增补叶酸。在"叶酸可以预防出生缺陷"知晓率方面年龄、学历、职业、收入的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在"正确增补叶酸率"方面学历、职业、收入的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论东莞地区育龄期女性对增补叶酸知识掌握程度较好,但能正确增补叶酸的育龄期女性不足,知识、信念与行为存在脱节,知信行理论在健康教育工作中收获甚微,应加强健康促进工作,为育龄期女性提供良好的环境和政策支持,以预防神经管缺陷的发生,提高出生人口质量。

Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of folic acid supplement status among pregnant women in Dongguan city so as to provide evidence for developing a strategy of health education and promotion.Methods A random sampling method was used to survey 1445 pregnant women who sought medicine services in the Third People’s Hospital of Dongguan City from July 2015 to March 2016.Results Among the respondents,95.54%had heard about of folic acid,70.59%knew that folic acid was vitamin,88.47%knew that supplement of folic acid could prevent neural tube defects(NTDs),86.35%knew the correct frequency,45.26%knew the recommended daily dose,78.37%knew the optimum time for taking,and 32.35%could take folic acid in right way.There were statistically significant differences in age,education,occupation,income and awareness rate of folic acid can prevent birth defects(P<0.05).In terms of correct supplemental folic acid rate,there were statistically significant differences in education,occupation,income and age(P<0.05).Conclusion The pregnant women in Dongguan city have deep understanding of the knowledge of folic acid supplement,but only a few pregnant women could take folic acid in right way.There is a separation between knowledge,attitude and practice.KAP in health education is inefficient.It is necessary to enhance health promotion to provide good social environment and strategy for reducing incidence of NTDs and improving qulity of newborns.