耕地休养补偿制度实施困境与优化路径——以长株潭休耕试点区为例

Implementation Dilemma and Optimized Path of the Compensation System for Cultivated Land Recuperation-a Case Study of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Fallow Pilot Area

休耕制度是促进我国耕地休养生息和农业可持续发展的重大举措。运用文献分析、结构访谈和问卷调查等方法,从农户的视角对长株潭重金属污染休耕试点区耕地休耕休养制度实施情况进行调查研究,归纳总结了长株潭重金属污染休耕试点区耕地休耕的主要做法、经验和实践困境。分析发现长株潭重金属污染休耕试点区耕地休养存在忽视新型农业经营主体的主体地位、休耕补偿方式和标准单一、社会资本难以进入、休耕宣传和管理不到位及后续农户引导和帮扶机制缺乏等问题,提出了多方联动优化形成因时因地休耕模式、构建分区分类的精准休耕补偿标准和方式、鼓励引导社会资本参与休耕、加强休耕宣传与管理工作、建立耕地休耕后农户帮扶体系及休耕地"活化"机制等改进策略。

Fallow system is an important measure to promote the recuperation of cultivated land and the sustainable development of agriculture in China.By using the methods of literature analysis,structure interview and questionnaire survey,this paper investigated the situation of heavy metal pollution in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan fallow pilot areas from the perspective of farmers,the main practices,experiences and practical difficulties of farmland fallow in the pilot area of heavy metal pollution in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan were summarized.It was found that there were some problems in the pilot area of heavy metal pollution fallow in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan,such as neglecting the dominant position of the new agricultural management subject,single compensation method and standard,difficult access to social capital,inadequate publicity and management of fallow,and lack of follow-up guidance and assistance mechanism for farmers.This paper puts forward some improvement strategies,such as multi linkage optimization to form time-dependent land fallow mode;building precise compensation standards and methods of division classification;encouraging and guiding social capital to participate in fallow;strengthening publicity and management of fallow;establishing farmers'assistance system after fallow and"activation"mechanism of fallow.