古代疫情中的社会危机及应对路径

Social Crisis in Ancient Epidemic and Its Countermeasures

疫情一直伴随着人类社会,且会衍生社会危机,古代社会的重大疫情更是易于形成严峻的社会危机。古代社会的疫情往往会产生巨大的破坏力,发生的频率高、持续时间长,多发生在人口密集、社会经济繁荣的地区,直接造成大量的人口减少。古代疫情这一自然特性与当时社会状况结合,非常易于引发社会危机,如物资与医疗资源配置、社会生产基础、社会心理等层面的紧张与危机,甚至导致社会分裂甚至社会动荡。古代国家政权在应对疫情及相关社会危机时的政策核心包括三个层面:有效防控疫情;维护社会稳定、消弭社会风险;掌握疫情防控的主导权、维护政权根基。古代国家政权应对疫情、社会危机的一般路径,是由疫情的自然、社会属性决定的,而导致应对能力、成效等重大差异的,是国家政权本身的活力。

Epidemics have always been accompanied by human society,which will lead to social crisis,and the major epidemic in ancient society was prone to form severe social crisis.The epidemic in ancient society often caused a huge destructive power with high frequency and long periods,most of which occurred in densely populated and prosperous areas,directly resulting in a large number of population reduction.Combined with the social conditions at that time,the natural characteristics of the ancient epidemic were very easy to cause social crisis,such as material and medical resources allocation,social production basis,tension and crisis from social psychology,and even lead to social division and unrest.The core policy of ancient state power in dealing with epidemic includes three aspects:effective prevention and control of epidemic situation;maintenance of social stability and elimination of social risks.The general way from the ancient state power to deal with the epidemic social crisis was determined by the natural and social attributes of the epidemic,and it was the vitality of the state power itself that led to the significant difference in response ability and effectiveness.