亚里士多德的自愿性责任理论

Aristotle's Theory of Voluntary Responsibility

虽然亚里士多德没有明确提出“责任”概念,但却是第一个深入思考了现代思想家将其视为道德责任理论的内容。其责任理论以行为者的自愿性为逻辑起点,思考行为者的行为动力因、知识前提等,进而通过强调理性选择对责任主体规定予以深化,最后以服务其美德伦理学的德性品质为旨归,主张人应该为其行为与品质负责。其中,始终贯穿着一条基本原则,即以理性行为者为中心,以自愿性来解释责任。其道德责任理论在许多方面富有启发性。

Although Aristotle did not explicitly put forward the concept of"responsibility",he was the first to think deeply about the content of moral responsibility theory as considered by modern thinkers.By taking the voluntariness of the actor as the logical basis,Aristotle’s responsibility theory studies the motivating factors and premise of knowledge of the actor’s behavior.Its emphasis on the rational choice of behavior lays down the responsibility theory for the subject of responsibility,aiming to serve the virtue quality of the virtue ethics.There is always a basic principle which is focused on rational actors and explains responsibility on a voluntary basis.Its moral responsibility theory is instructive in many ways.