起重机用滚动轴承有限元分析及故障检测

Finite element analysis and fault detection of rolling bearing of cranes

针对起重机用滚动轴承故障率高且难以检测的问题,首先采用Ansys软件对起重机用滚动轴承进行基于实际接触状态的有限元分析,然后采用基于小波包能量法和Hilbert变换方法对滚动轴承进行信号处理、分析以及故障检测。结果表明:滚动轴承的滚动体与内外圈接触部位存在较大应力集中,最易在此处首先发生破坏;根据轴承故障特征频率与内圈、外圈、滚动体三种故障类型所对应的频谱特征和能量谱相比较,可有效判断轴承故障类型。研究所采用的检测方法可为起重机用滚动轴承的故障预防和检测提供一定理论依据和指导作用。

Considering the problem of high failure rate and difficult detection of rolling bearings of cranes,firstly,the finite element analysis of rolling bearings of cranes based on the actual contact state is carried out by using the Ansys software,and then wavelet packet energy method and Hilbert transform method are adopted to carry out signal processing,analysis and fault detection of rolling bearings.Results show that there is a huge stress concentration between the contact parts of the rolling element and the inner and outer rings of rolling bearings,so it is the easiest and the first place to fail.By comparing the characteristic frequency of bearing fault with the spectrum characteristics and energy spectrum corresponding to the three fault types of the inner ring,outer ring and rolling element,the fault type of bearings can be effectively determined.The detection method adopted in this study can serve as a theoretical basis and guidance for the prevention and detection of the faults of rolling bearings of cranes to some extent.