小麦中呕吐毒素研究进展

Research progress of deoxynivalenol in wheat

小麦是全球三大谷物之一。由镰刀菌引起的小麦赤霉病是我国最主要的小麦病害之一,能造成小麦严重减产、品质下降,而且镰刀菌还能产生多种真菌毒素,进一步危害小麦及其制品的质量安全,其中,呕吐毒素(deoxynivalenol,DON)是小麦中检出率最高、危害最严重的真菌毒素之一,已成为关系小麦及其制品食用安全的重要问题。DON在小麦等谷物及其制品中的污染和防控是全球面临的严峻挑战,对DON进行定期检测和污染分析,研究高效、安全的降解技术,确保消费者安全,已成为目前世界各国政府和公众广泛关注和高度重视的热点问题。本文综述了DON的理化性质及毒性、影响产生的因素、污染现状及防控与脱毒方面的研究进展情况,以期为小麦中DON的风险评估及防控策略的制定提供有利参考。

Wheat is one of the 3 major grains in the world.Wheat head blight caused by Fusarium spp.is one of the most important wheat diseases in China,and it can cause serious losses in yield and quality.Fusarium spp.can also produce mycotoxins which can threat the quality and safety of wheat and its products.Among these mycotoxins,deoxynivalenol(DON)is one of the most serious toxins high detection rate in wheat,and it becomes an important issue concerning food safety of wheat and its products.Contamination and prevention of DON in grains including wheat and their produces is a serious global challenge,and regular detection,contamination analysis,and research on efficient and safe degradation technology to ensure consumer safety for DON have become a hot issue that widely concerned and highly valued by governments and the public all over the world.This paper reviewed the structure,physicochemical characteristics and toxicity of DON,factors affecting their formation,and the current status of its contamination level and prevention and control measures,and discussed the future prospects for the research on DON,so as to provide beneficial reference for risk assessment and prevention and control of DON in wheat.