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论海德格尔学生时期的“自由”思想 被引量:1

On the Thought about Freedom of Heidegger as a Student
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摘要 学生时期的海德格尔是以反自由主义的形象登上学术舞台的,自由问题一开始就是他所关注的核心问题之一。与现代自由主义相对,他所理解的真正的自由是有根据的、有约束的、有秩序的,它与命运内在地根本相关。这种真正的自由是现实的自由。海德格尔学生时期所讨论的其他主要问题虽然看似与自由问题无关,但实际上都为他走向现实的自由奠定了基础和方向。而且,他的自由问题一开始就与存在问题、生存问题、时间问题、真理问题根本性地关联在一起。他学生时期的自由思想是其后来的自由思想的"来源",从而也是其未来。在自由与命运"之间"寻求人的自由乃是其自由思想的基本理路,寻求一个既超越了个人乃至人类又与之有着内在的根本关联的约束或根据乃是其原初动机,反个体主义、反人类中心主义则是其根本性立场。这理路、动机和立场也是导致海德格尔20世纪30年代的思想发生"转折"的关键,是恰切理解他后期所谓的"泰然任之"意义上的"自由"的前提,也决定了对他来说虽然自由一开始就与伦理道德问题相关,但一开始伦理道德就是指向约束自由的命运的,而不是指向他人的。 Heidegger appeared on the academic stage as an anti-liberal figure when he was a student. From the start, the question of freedom is a central question concerned by Heidegger. In contrast to modern liberalism, the authentic freedom understood by Heidegger has its ground, restrict and order. It is inherently related to fate from the root. This kind of freedom is realistic. Although other main questions discussed by Heidegger as a student seemed to have nothing to do with the question of freedom, they laid the ground for him and led the orientation towards the realistic freedom. Furthermore, his question of freedom fundamentally related with the question of Being. The thought about freedom of Heidegger as a student is the origin of his late thought about freedom, thus is its future. The basic orderliness of Heidegger’ s thought of freedom is to seek for human freedom between freedom and fate. Its original motive is to seek for a kind of restrict of ground which transcends individual or humankind and inherently related with them. Anti-individualism and anti-anthropocentrism are its fundamental position. Theses orderliness, motive and position is one of the key which caused the turn of Heidegger’s thought in 1930 s. They are the precondition of understanding the so-called freedom in the sense of releasement. They also the determining factors of the following point: for Heidegger, from the start freedom is related to ethic, but ethic is oriented to fate, which restricts freedom instead of other people form the start.
作者 朱松峰 Zhu Songfeng
出处 《社会科学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第4期108-116,共9页 Journal of Social Sciences
基金 国家社科基金项目“海德格尔的‘自由’思想研究”(项目编号:13CZX054)的阶段性成果。
关键词 自由 命运 现实的 学生时期 海德格尔 Freedom Fate Realistic Student Life Heidegger
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