5Liming Liang, H Kretschmer, Yongzheng Guo,D Beaver(2001), “Age structure of scientific collaboration in Chinese computer science”, Scientometrics, 52: 471 - 486.
6Liming Liang,Yongzheng Guo, M Davis(2001), “Collaborative Patterns and Age Structures in Chinese Publications”,Scientometrics, 54: 473 - 489.
7H Zuckerman ( 1968), “Patterns of name - ordering among authors of scientific papers: a study of social symbolism and its ambiguity”, American Journal of Sociology, 74: 276 - 291.
8Oxford English Dictionary[ M ].
9Leo J, Lacasse J, Cimino A. Why Does Academic Medi- cine Allow Ghostwriting? A Prescription for Reform [ J ]. SSoocciieettyy, 2011, 48 (5) : 371 - 375.
10Gφtzsche PC, Hr6bjartsson A, Johansen HK, et al. Ghost Authorship in Industry -initiated Randomised Trials[ J]. PLoS Medicine, 2007,4( 1 ) : 19.