生命科技伦理问题与治理策略——以人-动物嵌合体研究为例

Ethical issues and governance of life science and technology:A case study on human-animal chimeras

新兴生命科技领域中人-动物嵌合体研究意义重大,同时其在公众厌恶、对"非自然"和模糊物种界限的担忧、对嵌合体生物伦理地位的不确定、有损人性尊严以及滑坡论等方面存有巨大的伦理、社会争议,进而给当下法律规则和治理体系带来前所未有的挑战。研究认为,基于人-动物嵌合体研究不可否认的益处以及潜藏的伦理、社会争议,争议因具体研究类型而异,不应简单地允许或禁止一切嵌合体研究,而应采取密切监控、个案分析的适应性灵活治理策略。从法律与伦理规范、审查与监督管理、公众探讨与科学传播等多个维度提出治理策略相关建议,以争生命科技领域发展与伦理限制之二维平衡,保障该领域健康有序发展。

As an emerging biotechnology,the study of human-animal chimeras is of great significance.However,there are huge ethical and social controversies which bring unprecedented challenges to the current legal rules and governance system.This paper argues that based on the undeniable benefits of research on human-animal chimeras and its potential ethical and social issues,as well as issues in accordance with specific types of research,we should not simply allow or prohibit all researches in this field but rather adopt the adaptive and flexible governance strategy of close monitoring and case by case analysis.The paper puts forward suggestions on governance strategies from the perspectives of law and ethical norms,review and supervision,public debates and scientific dissemination,so as to strike a balance between biotechnological progress and ethical restrictions and ensure healthy and orderly development of the research field.