他山之石:美式、苏式、德式三种现实主义之异同

Jades from Other Mountain:The Similarities and Differences of the Three Kinds of Realism of American Style,Soviet Style and German Style

社会现实主义、社会主义现实主义和新客观主义,是外国美术史上最重要的三种现实主义美术类型。其中社会现实主义以表现美国经济大萧条时期底层劳动者日益恶化的生活状况为主;社会主义现实主义以歌颂苏联社会和塑造劳动者英雄形象为主;新客观主义以揭露德国魏玛时期的社会阴暗面和动荡现实为主。三种现实主义在题材和表现手法上有相同之处,在社会立场和思想倾向上有不同之处。它们包含的经验与教训,可为发展我国当代现实主义美术提供借鉴之资。

Social realism,socialist Realism,and Neo-objectivity are the three most important types of realistic art in the history of western fine art.Specifically,social Realism mainly reflects the deteriorating living conditions of low-class workers during the Great Depression;socialist Realism mainly extols the Soviet society and shapes the heroic image of labourers;Neo-objectivity mainly reveals the dark side and turbulent reality of Weimar Germany.The three kinds of Realism are similar in subject matter and expression technique and are different in social position and ideological tendency.Their experience and lessons can provide a reference for the development of China’s contemporary realistic art.