从总体语言学到对比语言学

A Study on Allgemeinen Sprachwissenchaft (General Linguistics) and Contrastive Linguistics

普通语言学的本质是总体语言学,总体语言学与种种语言学之间是语言与方言的关系。种种语言学理论能够交流和融合,因其拥有共同的基础,即总体语言学,和共同的出发点,即语言观。对比语言学的性质是普通语言学,其起源可追溯至Humboldt和Whorf对学科宗旨和目标的阐释。关涉两种及以上语言问题均属于对比语言学的研究范围,在语言层面包括结构、交际和认知3层及哲学、理论、应用和实践4级;在语言研究层面包括语言理论、语言思想和语言文化史"新3层"。历史文化条件是制约语言思想、语言观以及语言理论形成的关键因素。

The nature of General Linguistics(GL) is Allgemeinen Sprachwissenchaft(AS). The relation of AS to linguistics of all kinds is that of language to dialect. Linguistics of different kinds can communicate and integrate in that they share a common basis, that is, AS, and a common view of language. The nature of Contrastive Linguistics(CL) is GL and its origin can be traced back to Humboldt’s and Whorf’s interpretations of the purposes and goals of CL. Issues concerning two or more languages are all within the scope of CL, including issues about language levels from structure to communication, and to cognition, and from philosophy to theory, to practice and to application;and issues about language research levels from language theory to language thought, and to history of language culture. Historical and cultural conditions are key factors shaping language thought, language view and language theory.