互动-语用视角下的否定评价立场研究--以“你看你”为线索

Negative Evaluation Stancetaking from an Interactive Pragmatic Perspective--Ni Kan Ni in Mandarin as a Clue

本文从互动-语用视角出发,以汉语中的"你看你"立场标记为线索研究否定评价立场表达。基于听说双方之间的互动性,借助"立场三角"图形表示法,我们将否定评价立场标记"你看你"表达的功能分析为集定位(来源定位、回应层级定位)、评价(听者肯定评价引发、说者否定评价回应)、离合(说听双方立场之间的趋异互动性)3个子行为于一体的功能系统。然后基于评价会产生或正面或负面的语用效应,说者借助"你看你"对听者肯定评价立场做出否定评价回应,其回应语言为冲突性话语,说者在会话交际中采取不同方式以不同程度加剧或缓和与听者立场的冲突,由此产生相对应的负面或正面的语用效应,从人际关系来看分别属于人际关系的解构或建构过程。

This paper studies the negative evaluation stancetaking, using Ni Kan Ni in Mandarin as a clue from an interactive-pragmatic perspective. Based on the analytical method of ‘stance-triangle’, negative evaluation stancetaking can incorporate aspects of labeling of stance roles(stance subject, stance object) and functions(positioning, negative evaluation, stance differential for alignment) in one. Then on the ground that evaluation can create positive or negative pragmatic effect, discourse in stance follow directed by Ni Kan Ni triggers conflict in interaction. The speaker adopts different ways to intensify or ease the conflict with the listener in different degrees, resulting in corresponding negative or positive pragmatic effect, and thus constructive and deconstructive process of interpersonal relationships respectively.