方向性与视译认知加工--基于近红外脑功能成像技术的实证研究

Directionality and the Cognitive Processing in Sight Translation--An fNIRS-based Empirical Study

方向性是口译研究领域颇有争议的问题之一,近年来更是受到翻译过程研究的关注。本研究使用近红外脑功能成像技术探索方向性对学生译员在汉英、英汉视译过程中认知加工的影响,其目标区域为大脑左侧前额叶皮层和布罗卡区。研究结果显示:口译方向对译员视译表现、视译过程中的脑激活模式以及认知负荷均有显著影响,即汉英视译错误率显著高于英汉视译错误率;英汉视译时左侧前额叶激活显著,而汉英视译却没有在目标脑区内引起显著的脑激活。总体而言,相较于基线任务,汉英视译会导致更高的认知负荷。以上结果对视译教学有一定的启示意义,即在视译教学中应强化汉英视译的技巧训练以减轻认知负荷。此外,在教学重点上,汉英视译需关注学生口语表达的准确性、流利性、得体性。

Directionality has long been one of the most controversial issues in interpreting studies, with increasing attraction to translation process research. By employing functional near-infrared spectroscopy,the present study investigated the role directionality played towards the cognitive processing of student interpreters in Chinese/English sight translation, locating left prefrontal cortex and Broca’s area as its regions of interest. As the results revealed, interpreting direction posed significant impact on interpreters’ sight translation performance, brain activation as well as cognitive load during sight translation. Chinese-English direction caused higher error rate as well as higher cognitive load. English-Chinese direction, instead of the other way around, caused significant left prefrontal activation. The aforementioned results brought inspirations towards interpreting teaching, namely - skill oriented training should be strengthened in Chinese-English direction, so as to cut down cognitive load. Besides, correctness, fluency and elegance should be paid more attention in Chinese-English direction.