清朝派往准噶尔汗国的各使团路线研究

Study on the routes of the Qing diplomatic missions to the Khanate of Junggar

中央政府与地方政权使者来往的通路是很重要,而且沿途路上怎么防止对方沿途打探消息等政策。准噶尔汗国前往京城或清朝派往准噶尔汗国的使者,从清朝角度来看,基本是分为南路与北路。如今清朝派往准噶尔的所使团中报告发现的有:康熙二十一年(1682)派使噶尔丹内大臣齐他特;康熙二十八年(1689)派使噶尔丹理藩院尚书阿喇尼;雍正三年(1725)和雍正四年(1726)派使策妄阿喇布坦内阁学士众佛保;雍正十二年(1734)派使噶尔丹策零侍郎傳鼐;乾隆二年(1737)出使噶尔丹策零喀尔喀副台吉厄墨根,乾隆三年(1738)派使噶尔丹策零侍郎阿克敦。

It is important for any bilateral relationship to have access to foreign emissaries,and it is a policy to pre-vent others from asking for information along the way.The routes for envoys either sent by the Jungar khanate to the capital or Qing Court to the Jungar khanate are basically divided into South Road and North Road,from the point of view of the Qing dynasty.Minister Kitad took in 1682 a route to Jungaria along Salbart→Muusi Am→Qiqiha→Galdan’s place;Miniseter Jungfoboo took a route in 1724 to Jungaria along Urumqi→Ilalik→Ulihaya→Konggos and Qui Rivers→Har Hujir→Qui and Har Balt Rivers;in 1725,Jungfoboo’s road was Bar Kul→Jims→Toli→Talhi Dabaga→Qui and Cagan Us Rivers confluence→Horgot;in 1734 Minister Funai’s road was Bar Kul→Aktas→Jims→Ili River→Bar Tohoi→Ilber Hosoo;In 1737,Kalkha Taiji Emgen’s road was Halzan Hosoo→Erchis Zost hosoo→Uliastai→Hobog Sair→Ili→Qinjir→Cagaan Burgas;In 1738,Akdun’s road was Tamir Military Camp→Arigtai→Jair→Bor Tal→Alag Uul→Tekes→Ilber Hosoo.