死刑执行令签发程序若干问题研究

Research on the Procedure of Issuing Death Warrant

反思死刑冤假错案的形成,除了侦查程序不规范、审判程序不公正导致的救济失灵等原因外,死刑执行前的死刑执行令签发程序设置不科学也是死刑冤案产生的重要原因。在我国,死刑执行令签发程序未受到足够重视,实践中未区分死刑执行令签发程序,理论上也有待澄清认识。对此,应明确:死刑执行令签发权属于行政权;死刑执行令签发程序不同于死刑复核程序,两者不能合二为一;独立的死刑执行令签发程序具有实质性,有权进行实质审核并可以作出实质性决定。在此基础上,我国应从死刑执行令签发的审核机制、救济途径、审核内容、处理方式、审核期限以及被告人一方权利保障等方面完善或重构死刑执行令签发程序。

Reflecting on the formation of the wrong cases of death penalty,in addition to the causes such as the lack of standardization of the investigation procedure and the failure of relief caused by the unfair trial procedure,etc,it should be pointed out that the unscientific procedure of issuing death warrant before the execution of death penalty is also an important reason.The procedure of issuing death warrant has been ignored in China till now both in practice and in theory.It should be clarified that,issuing death warrant is an administrative power,the procedure of issuing death warrant is different from the procedure for judicial review of death sentences and they should not be combined as one,and the independent procedure of issuing death warrant is substantive and the subject has the power of conducting substantive review and decision.Therefore,it is needed to reconstruct or perfect the procedure of issuing death warrant from prospective of the review mechanism,relief procedure,object of review,result of review,term of review and the protection of the accused.