2016—2019年深圳市南山区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查

Hygienic evaluation of central air-condition ventilation system in public places in Nanshan District of Shenzhen,2016-2019

目的了解深圳市南山区公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生状况,为规范卫生管理及针对性防控提供依据。方法依照《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》WS 394-2012的检测要求,从2016—2019年连续抽取深圳市南山区使用集中空调通风装置的303家公共场所进行卫生学检测,另从中随机抽取19家大型公共场所进行送风系统的卫生状况分析。结果2016—2019年南山区集中空调系统通风系统历年合格率别为94.56%,96.96%,98.33%和95.65%,不同类型的公共场所之间合格率差异无统计学意义(P=0.879,P>0.05)。风管内表面积尘量,细菌和真菌总数合格率分别为100%,98.34%和98.67%。送风系统所有卫生指标的合格率范围在63.15%到100%之间,其中PM10,细菌和真菌总数的合格率分别为100%,63.15%和78.94%。嗜肺军团菌总体检出率12.21%,冷却水检出率大于冷凝水(P=0.037,P<0.05),其中大型商场检出率为20.83%,高于其他场所(P=0.046,P<0.05)。结论深圳市南山区2016—2019年公共场所通风系统卫生状况仍需改善,应加强日常清洗消毒工作并且加大监管力度。

Objective To investigate the hygienic status of ventilation systems in centralized air-conditioning in Nanshan district of Shenzhen City,and to provide a basis for standardizing hygienic management and targeted prevention and control.Methods According to the requirements of"Hygienic Specifications for Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Places"WS 394-2012,303 public places using central air conditioning and ventilation devices in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City were sampled from 2016 to 2019 for four consecutive years.From these,19 large public places were randomly selected for investigation of the hygienic condition of the air supply system.Results The qualified rates of central air conditioning ventilation systems from 2016-2019 were 94.56%,96.96%,98.33%and 95.65%,respectively,and there was no statistically significant difference among them(P>0.05).The qualified rates of accumulated dust,total bacterium and fungus counts on the inner surface of the ducts were 100%,98.34%and 98.67%,respectively.PM10,total bacterium counts and fungus counts in the supplied air of the randomly selected 19 large public places were 100%,63.15%and 78.94%respectively.The overall detection rate of Legionella pneumophila was 12.21%,and the detection rate of cooling water was larger than that of condensed water(P<0.05).Moreover,the detection rates of Legionella pneumophila in large shopping malls was 20.83%,which was higher than that of five-star hotels and leisure places(P>0.05).Conclusion The sanitary condition of the central air conditioning ventilation system in the public places of Nanshan district needed to be improved.Legionella pneumophila was still detected in some public places.Daily cleaning and disinfection management of central air condition systems should be strengthened.