2014—2018年上海市嘉定区梅毒流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of syphilis in Jiading District of Shanghai,2014-2018

目的分析2014—2018年上海市嘉定区梅毒的流行病学特征,为未来梅毒防控工作的开展提供科学依据。方法根据发病日期搜集汇总传染病报告信息管理系统中2014—2018年5年间的所有梅毒病例,采用描述性流行病学方法对其发病特征进行分析。结果2014—2018年嘉定区共报告2992例梅毒,年均发病率为38.89/10万,总体发病呈逐年下降趋势。主要以隐性梅毒为主,且发病呈逐年上升趋势;胎传梅毒占比较少且发病呈逐年下降趋势。隐性梅毒、一期梅毒、二期梅毒和三期梅毒在不同年份间的构成比存在明显差异,且差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.955,P<0.05)。梅毒发病的高峰时间为3~6月,报告病例以户籍人口为主,男女比例为1.04∶1。不同年份各期梅毒报告发病数存在着明显的性别差异,其中一期梅毒和二期梅毒性别间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=17.793,P=0.001<0.05;χ2=12.701,P=0.013<0.05),而隐性梅毒、三期梅毒和胎传梅毒性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。20~39岁为梅毒的高发年龄段。发病率较高的地区主要集中在嘉定中心老城区和人口密度较大的地区。职业分布主要集中在青壮年的家务及待业者、工人和老年离退人员。结论上海市嘉定区近几年梅毒疫情呈下降趋势,但防控形势依然严峻,要继续提高梅毒的检测水平,早发现,早治疗。继续加强重点区域、重点人群的宣传教育,提高防病意识,减少梅毒的发病。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Jiading District of Shanghai from 2014 to 2018,and to provide a scientific basis for the development of future syphilis prevention and control work.Methods According to the date of onset,all syphilis cases in the infectious disease report information management system from 2014 to 2018,and their epidemic characteristics were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 2992 cases of syphilis were reported in Jiading District from 2014 to 2018,with an average annual incidence of 38.89/100000.The overall incidence showed a downward trend year by year.Recessive syphilis was the main cause,and the incidence increased year by year.Fetal syphilis was relatively small and the incidence decreased year by year.The composition ratios of recessive syphilis,primary syphilis,secondary syphilis,and tertiary syphilis in different years were significantly different,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=26.955,P<0.05).The peak time of syphilis was from March to June.The reported cases were mainly registered population,with a male to female ratio of 1.04:1.There were significant gender differences in the reported incidence of syphilis in each period in different years,and the gender difference between primary syphilis and secondary syphilis was statistically significant(χ2=17.793,P=0.001<0.05;χ2=12.701,P=0.013<0.05).There was no significant difference in gender between recessive syphilis,tertiary syphilis,and fetal syphilis(P>0.05).20~39 years old had the highest incidence rate of syphilis.The areas with high incidence were mainly concentrated in the old urban area of Jiading Center and areas with high population density.The occupational distribution was mainly concentrated in young and middle-aged household workers and unemployed people,workers and elderly retirees.Conclusion In recent years,the syphilis epidemic in Jiading District of Shanghai has shown a downward trend.However,the situation of prevention and control was still severe.It is necessary to continue to improve the level of syphilis detection,and to detect and treat syphilis early.Meanwhile,it is important to strengthen publicity and education in key areas and key populations,and increase awareness of disease prevention to reduce the incidence of syphilis.