论马克思历史存在论思想的三层结构

On the Three Layers of Structure of Marx’s Theory of Historical Ontology

马克思的存在论不是知识论路向上的存在论,而是生存论路向上的存在论,即历史存在论。历史存在论之所以能够对社会进行深入透视,是因为它本身就包含着透视社会内在的三层结构。第一层结构是社会生存条件,体现为积累的劳动与活劳动的关系,它是作为生产力与生产关系统一的感性活动的自我分裂;第二层结构是作为社会生存条件人格化的阶级,阶级本质上就是社会权力;第三层结构是法权、国家、意识形态,它们是社会权力不同方面的表达。深入理解与阐释马克思历史存在论思想的三层结构对于廓清关于马克思的种种歪曲,以及深入理解社会具有重大的现实意义。

Marx’s existentialism is not the existentialism in the direction of epistemology,but the existentialism in the direction of existentialism,that is,historical existentialism.The reason why historical ontology can have a deep perspective on society is that it contains a perspective on the internal three-layer structure of the society.The first level is the condition of social existence,which is embodied in the relationship between accumulated labor and living labor.The second level of structure is a class that is personified as a social condition of existence,and the class expresses social power.The third level of structure is the right of law,state and ideology,and the expression of social power.A deep understanding and explaining the three-layer structure of Marx’s historical ontology is of great practical significance to clarify all kinds of distortions about Marx and to understand the society deeply.