压力型体制下政策对象的回应:边缘贫困户的贫困依赖

Response of Policy Object under Pressurized System:Poverty Dependence of Marginal Poverty-stricken Families

在精准扶贫的过程中出现了贫困依赖现象。通过江西省A县的多个案调研,基于压力型体制贫困治理的视角,构建了一个制度(政策)—个性—行为综合作用的分析框架。贫困边缘人群贫困依赖现象的发生逻辑主要有三,即贫困的刚性化让少数边缘贫困户产生有失公平的错误认知;扶贫政策高压下边缘贫困户怀抱侥幸心理想尽可能索取更多政策利益;边缘贫困户对基层组织的贫困依赖行径会基于依赖心理,政府的全员参与而越来越强烈。在脱贫攻坚的治理压力下,解决贫困依赖问题需要健全干部容错纠错制度,优化政策内容与过程,强调扶贫先扶智和加强发展型脱贫建设,打击“非法上访”“闹事”等争贫行为,适当减少基层组织的扶贫考核压力,实现和谐的可持续发展式扶贫。

In the process of targeted poverty alleviation,poverty dependency has emerged.Based on the multi-case investigation in a county of Jiangxi Province,an analysis framework of the comprehensive effects of institution(policy)-personality-behavior is constructed from the perspective of pressurized system of poverty reduction.There are three main reasons for the poverty dependency phenomenon of the poor marginal groups.Firstly,the rigidity of poverty makes a few marginal poverty-stricken families have unfair misconceptions.Secondly,Under the high pressure of poverty alleviation policies,marginal poverty-stricken families want to get more benefits as much as possible.Thirdly,the poverty dependency behavior of marginal poverty-stricken families on grass-roots organizations will become more and more strong with anaclisis and the full participation of the government.Under the high pressure of poverty alleviation governance,to solve the problem of the poverty dependence problem,we need to improve the cadre fault tolerance and correction system,optimize the content and process of policies,emphasize education improvement first and strengthening the development-oriented poverty alleviation construction,crack down on the behaviors of“illegal petition”and“trouble making”,reduce the pressure of poverty alleviation assessment of grassroots organizations and realize harmonious and sustainable development-oriented poverty alleviation.