鱼类性别决定的遗传基础及性别控制技术在水产养殖中的应用

Genetic basis of sex determination and application of sex control in fish:a review

控制鱼类的性别比例在养殖中常常至关重要。在一些物种中,因为雌雄二态性的存在,单性群体养殖可以显著提高养殖效益。对某些种类来说,性别转变甚至是其生命周期必经的一部分,比如某些雌雄同体的种类,在生命开始时是一种性别,在一段时间后转变为另一种性别,许多鱼类的性别具有较强的可塑性。性别决定遗传结构的研究有利于控制性别比例和育种方案的实施。哺乳动物和鸟类具有高度保守的性别决定主基因,控制着一个保守的遗传网络通路,该通路负责性别决定与性腺分化。不同于哺乳动物和鸟类,鱼类的性别决定机制存在着巨大的多样性。本文综述了鱼类性别决定多样性的研究进展,并以水产养殖主养品种罗非鱼、大菱鲆为例介绍了性别控制在生产上的应用,以期为水产养殖业的发展提供参考。

Sex control of fishes is always critical in aquaculture.In some species,monosex population farming can significantly improve aquaculture benefits because of sexual growth dimorphism.Many fish species have strong plasticity,and sex reversal is even part of life cycle in some species.Certain hermaphrodite species are males or females at the beginning of life and become females or males then.Research on sex determination genetic structure facilitates control of sex ratio and implementation of breeding programs.Mammals and birds have highly conserved major sex determining genes that control a conserved genetic network pathway that is responsible for sex determination and gonadal differentiation.Unlike mammals and birds,fish has vastly diverse in sex determination mechanism.Here,we briefly describe the diversity of fish sex determination and introduce the application of sex control in aquaculture by taking Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and turbot Scophthalmus maximus as examples.