菲律宾蛤仔中国莱州群体与朝鲜新义州群体杂交子代早期生长发育

Early growth and development of hybrid Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum cultured between Laizhou population in China×Sinǔiju population in north Korea

为选育出适合北方海域环境、具有优良经济性状的菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum良种,以菲律宾蛤仔(以下简称蛤仔)中国莱州群体(C)与朝鲜新义州(K)群体为亲本,采用双列杂交方法建立2个自繁群体CC(C♀×C♂)和KK(K♀×K♂)、1个正交群体CK(C♀×K♂)和1个反交群体KC(K♀×C♂)。结果表明:CC组受精率最高,为(96.23±1.67)%,CK组受精率最低,为(88.80±1.84)%;CC组孵化率最高,为(86.80±0.78)%,KC组孵化率最低,为(72.05±0.82)%;在幼虫期,生长和存活总体表现为杂种劣势,壳长和壳高在15日龄时由大至小依次为CC>CK>KK>KC,15日龄时CK组存活率为(33.00±3.51)%,KC组存活率为(13.40±4.45)%;在稚贝期,生长和存活表现出杂种优势,壳长90日龄和壳高120日龄生长的杂交优势分别达到最大,分别为16.91%和12.53%,120日龄时KC组存活率最高,为(79.82±1.02)%,KK组存活率最低,为(65.51±1.58)%;在45、90和120日龄,C群体父母本的壳长、壳高都具有正向的一般配合力(GCA),说明中国莱州群体可作为优良亲本与其他群体组配;KC组的特殊配合力(SCA)在90和120日龄后逐渐大于CK组。研究表明,以中国莱州群体为父本与朝鲜新义州群体为母本杂交效果较好。

China Laizhou(C)and north Korea Sinǔiju(K)populations of wild Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum as the parents were diallelly crossed to produce 2 self propagating populations of CC(C♀×C♂)and KK(K♀×K♂),and 2 reciprocal cross groups of CK(C♀×K♂)and KC(K♀×C♂)in order to culture fine species of Manila clam with good economic characters and suitable for northern sea environment.The results showed that there was the maximal fertilization rate(96.23±1.67)%in group CC,and the minimal one(88.80±1.84)%in group CK.The maximal hatching rate(86.80±0.78)%was observed in group CC,and the minimal one(72.05±0.82)%in KC group.In the larval stage,the heterosis of growth and survival was observed in the hybrid,the descending order of the shell length and shell height at 15 days old was expressed as CC>CK>KK>KC,with survival rate of(33.00±3.51)%in group CK and(13.40±4.45)%in group KC.In the juvenile period,the 90 and 120 days old hybrids had heterosis of growth and survival,with the maximal shell length(16.91%)in 90 days old hybrids and the maximal shell height(12.53%)in the 120 days old hybrid,the maximal survival rate in 120 days old hybrid in group KC(79.82±1.02)%,and the minimal survival rate in group KK(65.51±1.58)%.In 45,90 and 120 days old juveniles,parents in group C had positive general combining ability(GCA)in shell length and shell height,indicating that China Laizhou groups can be used as a good parent equipping with other groups.There was greater special combining ability(SCA)in 90 and 120 days old juveniles in group KC than hat in group CK.The findings indicated that the Chinese Laizhou population as paternal parent and the Korean Sinǔiju population as the maternal parent had a better hybridization effect.