罗尔斯正义论视角下农地征收中弱势群体的权益保护研究——以武汉天河机场扩建项目为例

Research on the Rights and Interests Protection of the Vulnerable Groups in the Land Expropriation from the Perspective of Rawls’Justice Theory——Take Wuhan Tianhe Airport Expansion Project as an Example

保护征地中弱势群体的权益,对维护社会的和谐与稳定具有重要意义。本文以武汉天河机场扩建项目为例,以罗尔斯正义论为指导,运用模糊综合评价法和比较分析法,测算征地对弱势群体和非弱势群体权益影响差异,了解不同弱势群体的利益诉求。结果显示,征地后非弱势群体的权益维持不变,而弱势群体的权益下降明显,征地使得二者的差距进一步拉大。不同类型弱势群体的利益诉求表现出一定差异,总体而言,社会保障是弱势群体最重要的利益诉求,经济权益次之,程序权益诉求排在后列。政府一方面应建立弱势群体与非弱势群体差异化的权益保护政策,在经济支持、发展机会、心理关注等方面向弱势群体倾斜,同时应赋予弱势群体和非弱势群体同样的程序权益;另一方面应建立弱势群体内部差异化的权益保护政策,根据其弱势原因进行重点帮扶。

It is of great significance to protect the rights and interests of vulnerable groups,and maintain social harmony and stability.This paper takes Wuhan Tianhe airport expansion project as an example based on the Rawls’Justice Theory,using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and comparative analysis method to calculate the impact of land expropriation on the rights of vulnerable and non-vulnerable groups,and to understand the interest demands of different vulnerable groups.The results show that,after land expropriation,the rights of non-vulnerable groups remain unchanged,while the rights of vulnerable groups have dropped significantly,widening the gap between the non-vulnerable groups and vulnerable groups.Different types of vulnerable groups have different interest demands.On the whole,social security is the most important appeal of vulnerable groups,followed by economic right,and the procedural right is the last.Therefore,on the one hand,it is necessary to establish differentiated rights protection policies for vulnerable groups and non-vulnerable groups,which should be inclined to vulnerable groups in terms of economy,development opportunities and psychological concerns,at the same time,the same procedural rights should be granted to both of them;on the other hand,it is necessary to establish differentiated rights protection policies within the vulnerable groups,and provide key assistance based on its vulnerable reasons.