浙江下王渡遗址中晚全新世古环境演变及人类活动初步研究

Palaeoenvironmental Evolution and Human Activities of Xiawangdu Site in Zhejiang Province during the Mid-Late Holocene

通过对浙江宁奉平原下王渡遗址剖面样品的孢粉以及地化元素分析,结合5个AMS14C年代数据及考古学文化分层,揭示了河姆渡晚期文化时期及良渚时期该遗址所在区域环境变化及人类活动响应。研究表明:该遗址区温暖湿润的气候条件为河姆渡先民的定居创造了条件,植被面貌以常绿落叶阔叶混交林为主。孢粉及地化元素等证据表明中全新世的海侵使得该遗址区发生了一次文化中断,海洋的影响从河姆渡文化第四期开始逐渐消退。从这一时期开始,草本植物花粉占比很大程度地超过乔灌木植物花粉,特别是粒径不小于37μm禾本科花粉含量的增加,推测为栽培作物类型。花粉信号揭示了人类活动对自然环境的改造开始逐渐加强,在下王渡遗址区附近可能出现有一定规模的水稻种植区。

Based on pollen analysis and geochemical elements of the Xiawangdu Site in Ningfeng Plain,Zhejiang Province,and combined with 5 AMS14 C dates and the archaeological cultural layers,regional environmental changes and human activities were revealed during the late cultural period of Hemudu and Liangzhu periods.The results show that the warm and humid climate conditions contributed to the settlement of the ancestors of Hemudu and evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest dominated in regional vegetation lanscape.Evidences from sporopollen,and geochemical elements show that the transgression of the Middle Holocene led to a cultural disruption in the area,and the impact of the ocean began to decrease from the fourth stage of Hemudu culture.Starting from this period,the proportion of herbaceous pollen has vastly exceeded that of trees and shrub,especially increased pollen of Poaceae associated with cultivated crops with larger than 37μm in size.This suggested increased human activities related to land use,as well as the rice cultivation in moderate scale near Xiawangdu site.