不同小麦品种籽粒脱水特性研究

Study on Grain Dehydration Characteristics of Different Wheat Cultivars

为探讨小麦籽粒灌浆后的脱水特性,选用生产中大面积种植的5个半冬性小麦品种(矮抗58、百农418、百农4199、温麦6号和周麦18),研究了不同年际间不同品种小麦的籽粒脱水速率,以及其与籽粒质量之间的关系。结果表明,小麦籽粒成熟期的脱水特性在不同品种间存在着较大差异,同一品种年际间受温度条件的影响,籽粒脱水速率亦存在较大差异。百农4199籽粒脱水速率较快,各年度均显著高于其他品种,百农418籽粒平均脱水速率显著低于百农4199,但高于其他品种,矮抗58、温麦6号和周麦18的籽粒平均脱水速率无显著差异。通过相关分析,籽粒的脱水速率与0~21 d籽粒灌浆速率呈正相关,其中与7~14 d灌浆速率的相关性达到了显著水平,而与21 d以后的灌浆速率呈负相关;籽粒的平均灌浆速率又是影响千粒质量的重要因素(R^2=0.99,P<0.01)。小麦品种百农418具有相对较高的平均籽粒灌浆速率,千粒质量较大;百农4199后期籽粒脱水速率较快,年际间籽粒质量稳定。由此得出,小麦籽粒脱水特性除受到灌浆期温度条件的影响外,主要受基因型的影响,生产中选用灌浆前中期(0~21 d)籽粒灌浆快与后期籽粒脱水速率相对较快的品种,是提高籽粒质量、稳定产量的关键,5个品种中百农4199和百农418为本次试验的优选品种。

To discuss the grain dehydration characteristics of wheat after grain fillng, the experiment selected five semi-winter wheat cultivars grown in large areas, including AK58,Bainong 418,Bainong 4199, Wenmai 6 and Zhoumai 18,and the grain dehydration rate and the relationship with grain weight were studied. The results showed that the grain dehydration characteristics of different wheat cultivars at grain maturity stage had significant differences. The same cultivar was affected by temperature conditions, and the grain dehydration rate was also different among different years. The grain dehydration rate of Bainong 4199 was relatively fast, which was significantly higher than other cultivars in each year. The average grain dehydration rate of Bainong 418 was significant lower than that of Bainong 4199, but higher than that of other cultivars. There was no significant difference in the average grain dehydration rates of AK58, Wenmai 6 and Zhoumai 18. Correlation analysis showed that the grain dehydration rate was positively correlated with the grain filling rate of 0-21 d, in which the correlation with grain filling rate of 7-14 d reached a significant level, but negatively correlated with the filling rate after 21 d. The average grain filling rate was an important factor affecting 1000-grain weight(R^2=0.99,P<0.01). The wheat cultivar Bainong 418 had a relatively high average grain filling rate, and the 1000-grain weight was larger than the other four cultivars;the grain dehydration rate of Bainong 4199 was accelerated after physiological maturity, and the grain weight was stable during the interannual period. It is concluded that the grain dehydration characteristics of winter wheat were mainly affected by genotypes, except for the temperature conditions in the grain filling stage. In the production, the cultivars with fast grain filling rate in early and middle filling stage(0-21 d) and fast grain dehydration rate in the late stage could be used to increase grain weight and stable the yield,thus Bairong 4199 and Bainong 418 were the preferred cultivars among the five cultivars for this experiment.