不同缓控释肥种类及施用深度对花生养分积累及产质量的影响

Effects of Different Slow Controlled Release Fertilizers and Application Depth on Nutrient Accumulation, Yield and Quality of Peanut

为探究豫北地区不同种类肥料对花生产量及品质的影响,采用大田试验,研究4种肥料(缓控释肥、长效肥、控释肥和缓释肥)及施用深度(10,20 cm)对花生农艺性状,氮、磷、钾积累量,SPAD值,产量与品质的影响。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,施用不同种类控释肥料均可改善花生农艺性状,提高花生养分的积累量和产量,改善品质。各施肥处理相比,百果质量、荚果产量和籽仁产量无显著差异。缓释肥浅施时荚果产量最高,达7 083.5 kg/hm^2;缓控释肥浅施时主茎高、第一侧枝长最大,荚果产量居中;缓控释肥深施出仁率最高,达70.2%,荚果产量仅次于缓释肥浅施,达6 861.2 kg/hm^2,花生仁产量达4 818.2 kg/hm^2。缓控释肥对花生的产量与品质影响较显著,缓控释肥深施时比对照增产30.43%,粗脂肪含量增加5.18%;就施用深度而言,缓控释肥深施处理比浅施的氮、磷、钾积累量分别增加8.49%,9.54%和0.28%,粗脂肪含量增加4.76%,产量增加5.06%。因此,豫北砂质壤土区花生种植适宜深施缓控释肥,更有利于花生生长发育及养分积累,进而改善品质,提高产量。

In order to investigate the effect of different fertilizers on peanut yield and quality in Northern Henan, field experiments were used to study the effects of four fertilizers(slow and controlled release fertilizer, long effect fertilizer,controlled release fertilizer, slow release fertilizer) and their application depth(10, 20 cm) on the agronomic characters, nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) nutrient accumulation and SPAD value, yield and quality of peanut. The results showed that, compared with the no fertilizer control, the application of different controlled release fertilizers could improve peanut agronomic characteristics, peanut nutrient accumulation, increase yield and improve quality.There was no significant difference in 100-pod weight, pod yield and seed yield among different fertilization treatments.The yield was the highest(7 083.5 kg/ha) under the shallow application of the slow release fertilizer.The main stem height and the 1 st lateral branch length were the highest, and the pod yield was middle under of the shallow application of the slow and controlled release fertilizer. The deep application of slow and controlled release fertilizer had the highest kernel rate of 70.2%, the pod yield was 6 861.2 kg/ha, which was only next to the light application of slow release fertilizer, and the peanut kernel yield was 4 818.2 kg/ha. Slow and controlled release fertilizer had a significant effect on yield and quality of peanut. Compared with the control, the yield and crude fat content of peanut were increased by 30.43% and 5.18% under the deep application of slow and controlled release fertilizer. In terms of application depth, compared with shallow application, the accumulation of N,P,K increased by 8.49%, 9.54%, 0.28%, crude fat content and yield increased by 4.76% and 5.06% of slow and controlled release fertilizer deep application treatment. Considering comprehensively, deep application of slow and controlled release fertilizer was suitable for peanut growth and development and nutrient accumulation, thus improving the quality and increasing yield in sand loam in North Henan Province.