论生态损害赔偿磋商协议的法律性质及其争议解决路径

On the Legal Nature of Consultative Agreement on Ecological Damage Compensation and Its Dispute Resolution Path

生态损害赔偿磋商协议的法律属性应为行政契约,将其定位为民事契约或按阶段将行政机关行为分别定性为“双阶构造解释论”,系对其性质的误解。生态损害赔偿磋商协议司法确认制度的推行会造成司法确认制度的不统一、行政救济理论的不协调,并使得磋商协议的违约救济程序趋于复杂化。应废除生态损害赔偿磋商协议的民事司法确认制度,在《中华人民共和国行政强制法》(以下简称《行政强制法》)和相关司法解释中规定生态损害赔偿义务人应签订自动履行磋商协议条款与接受行政机关强制执行条款。

The legal attribute of consultation agreement on ecological damage compensation should be administrative contract,instead of being misinterpreted as a civil contract or a"two-stage structural interpretation theory"which separately characterizes the actions of administrative organs by stages.The implementation of the judicial confirmation system of consultation agreement on ecological damage compensation will cause inconsistency in judicial confirmation system and administrative relief theory,and complicate relief procedure for breach of consultation agreement.The system of civil judicial confirmation of consultation agreement on ecological damage compensation should be abolished.In the Administrative Compulsory Law of the People Republic of China and relevant judicial interpretations,it is stipulated that the obligor of ecological damage compensation should sign the terms of consultation agreement automatically and accept the terms of compulsory execution by administrative organization.