生态修复量刑情节运用的困境与调适——以污染环境罪量刑中的行政司法衔接为中心

Predicament and Adjustment of Ecological Restoration Sentencing Plot:Center on the Connection between Administration and Justice in the Measurement of Punishment for Environmental Pollution

作为恢复性司法理念的主要载体,生态修复在刑事案件中主要以量刑情节的形式存在,其不仅以当事人主动实施、刑事和解、生态环境损害赔偿磋商等形式发挥作用,也可能处于附带民事法律责任认定和刑事处罚执行环节之中,呈现出比较全面的空间分布。各种类型对刑罚考量的实际影响不同,但在实践中存在混同为一的现象。为使恢复性司法得到妥善措置,宜对生态修复情节做类型化区分,并对其量刑影响予以分阶段分层次评价。生态修复行为相对于一般量刑情节的特殊性以及刑罚裁量的统一性需要,要求将行政角色纳入所有涉刑生态修复领域,并将其参与的协议作为生态修复情节事实认定的基础,辅以司法审核等方式,实现生态修复情节自身的合理分层,在此基础上确立直接修复情节和替代性修复情节不同于一般量刑因素的优越价值及在量刑方面的独立功能。

As the main carrier of restorative justice concept,ecological restoration mainly exists in the form of sentencing in criminal cases.It not only plays a role in the form of active implementation by the parties,criminal reconciliation,and consultation on compensation for damage to the ecological environment,etc.,but also may be in the process of collateral civil legal liability determination and execution of criminal punishment,showing a relatively comprehensive spatial distribution.Various types have different actual impacts on penal considerations,but there is a phenomenon of confusion in practice.In order to properly handle restorative justice,it is advisable to make a type distinction between plots of ecological restoration and to evaluate the impact of sentencing in stages.The particularity of ecological restoration behaviors relative to the general sentencing circumstances and the need for uniformity of penal sanctions require that administrative roles be included in all areas of ecological restoration involving penalties,and that the agreements they participate in serve as the basis for determining the facts of ecological restoration scenarios,supplemented by judicial review And other methods to achieve a reasonable layering of the ecological restoration plot itself,and on this basis establish the superior value of the direct restoration plot and the alternative restoration plot,which are different from general sentencing factors,and independent functions in sentencing.