论食品企业扩大市场的策略及其影响

Strategies applied by agri-food corporations to expand market share and influence on the food industry

食品市场从最初的低度集中型逐渐发展成高度集中型。在此过程中,部分食品企业逐步成长,最终成为食品市场的垄断者。在食品企业的发展过程中,企业的竞争策略主要有兼并和收购(横向一体化)、食品供应链的多环节介入(纵向一体化)、产品分类、新产品研发等。此外,龙头食品企业逐渐占据大部分食品市场份额,导致其拥有更强大的市场特权。它们通过压低产品出厂价、收取高昂货位费、签订不平等合约、游说政府等手段不断获取更大利润,以谋求长远发展。

The food market has gradually developed from the initial low concentration type to the high concentration type.In this process,some agri-food enterprises gradually grow up and eventually become monopolists of the agri-food market.During the development of food corporations,merger and acquisition(horizontal integration),involvement in several segments in food supply chain(vertical integration)and products classification and developing new products were three key strategies used by food corporations to expand their market share and maintain the increase in profits.In addition,these large transactional corporations exercised their power over food suppliers or producers by controlling food price from suppliers,charging expensive slotting fees and having unfair contracts with producers.They even lobbied the government to change the decisions from policy makers so as to seek more profit for their long-term development.