去工业化与再工业化——对美国中镇的个案研究

Deindustrialization and Reindustrialization in Muncie,Indiana:A Case Study of the Lynds“Middletown,U.S.A.”

位于“铁锈带”地区的美国印第安纳州中镇在20世纪下半叶经历了其他美国“铁锈带”城市的相似遭遇。2009年博格华纳中镇工厂关闭,成为中镇去工业化的最后一个重要事件,其关闭原因主要来自地方工会和全球政治经济两个方面。在去工业化给个人与社区带来消极影响的同时,中镇各方曾经尝试各种新产业,部分中镇精英在新形势下积极寻求再工业化。它的再工业化基本由私人部门主导,政府配合,采取多元、整体的经济发展策略,大学也在其中发挥着重要作用。

Middletown Indiana,U.S.A.,which is in the Rust Belt,used to be an industrial city but suffered similar experiences with other Rust Belt cities in the second half of the twentieth century.In 2009,the Middletown factory of Borg Warner closed,the last crucial event of Middletown s deindustrialization,which occurred mainly because of activities of the local labor union and the global political economy.While the deindustrialization negatively impacted individuals and the community,all parties of Middletown promoted new industry.Some elites of Middletown in this new situation actively pursued reindustrialization,which was basically led by the private sector with cooperation from the government.They adopted diversified and holistic economic development strategies,with the universities playing an important role.