龙门奉先寺大卢舍那像龛唐代的补凿与加建

The Addition and Extension of the Niche of the VairocanaBuddha at Fengxian Temple in Longmen During the Tang Dynasty

奉先寺大卢舍那像龛位于河南洛阳龙门石窟西山中部,根据像座上开元十年(公元722年)补刻的《大卢舍那像龛记》[1](后文简称为《像龛记》),其为唐高宗所建,并载"皇后武氏助脂粉钱二万贯",毕功于上元二年(公元675年)。像龛坐西向东,正壁一铺五尊,主尊为结跏趺坐的卢舍那大佛,左右有阿难、伽叶及二胁侍菩萨,两侧壁对称,由内向外为供养人、神王、金刚(图一)。

The Vairocana Buddha niche at Fengxian temple in Longmen was carved during the second year of the Shangyuan reign of Tang.At the beginning of the Kaiyuan reign,more niches were carved into the same cliff wall.Based on spatial analysis of surviving slotting holes for architectural structures and their relation to the niches added later,it is inferred that the architecture in front of the niches was not built after the construction of these later niches.These two construction events could belong to the same construction phase.The construction of the architecture in front of the niche of the Vairocana Buddha completely altered the outer appearance and visibility of the Buddha statue,which then resulted in the relocation of worship activities from the open area to an enclosed space created by the wooden-structured temple in front of the niche.