针灸学科史分期及其研究方法与问题刍议

Periodization of the history of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline and its research methods and challenges

作为学科的针灸学,其独立的知识体系在魏晋时期就已形成,其教育规训与管理机构在南北朝时也已开始趋于规范,并一直沿袭至清代;民国时期是针灸学科主动构建的时期,其间知识体系、规训组织与制度均有较大变革,具备了现代学科的特质;如今针灸学科已经完全符合了现代学科的条件。针灸学科史的研究需要内外史融合的视角,注重与学术史、教育史研究的差异。另外,本文提出了针灸学科与相关学科的关系、科学价值与技术哲学、国际认同、分支学科4个当下针灸学科史研究的重要论题。

As a discipline,the independent knowledge system of acupuncture-moxibustion has been established in Wei-Jin Dynasties,while the education and management institutes have tended to be formalized since Northern and Southern Dynasties and continue to late imperial period.In the period of the Republic of China,acupuncture-moxibustion discipline began to be constructed intentionally,and the knowledge system,education institutes and institution have changed significantly with the characteristics of modern science.Now acupuncture has fully met the conditions of modern subjects.The study of the history of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline needs the perspective of internal and external history integration,focusing on the differences from academic history and educational history.In addition,four important topics in the current research of the history of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline are suggested:the relationship between acupuncturemoxibustion discipline and related disciplines,scientific value and technology philosophy,international recognition and branch disciplines.