考虑消防联动与效益的消防站多目标选址方法

Multi-target location method for fire stations considering fire-fighting collaboration and efficiency

为提升城市消防应急能力、降低消防响应成本,针对消防站选址决策问题,在消防资源有限的前提下,同时考虑消防站均衡性和消防效益,利用消防责任区覆盖率和消防响应损失成本分别描述均衡性与消防效益,并考虑城市重特大火灾事故处置的联动消防情景,构建消防站选址的多目标选址覆盖模型.通过经典的多目标优化算法SPEA2算法对模型进行求解,得到该多目标选址问题的Pareto最优解集,利用模糊集理论从Pareto最优解集中选取折中解.最后,以上海市外环以内市区为例,验证模型的可行性与有效性,为消防站科学选址提供决策依据.

To improve the emergency response capacity of urban fire control and reduce the cost of fire control response,the paper constructed the multi-objective coverage model of fire station site selection.In view of the problem of fire station site selection decision-making,the paper took consideration of the fire-fighting collaboration as well as fire-fighting efficiency.The paper utilized the coverage rate of firefighting responsibility area and the loss cost of fire-fighting response to describe the collaboration and efficiency respectively under the premise of limited fire-fighting resources,and considered the integrated fire-fighting situation of urban serious fire accident disposal.The classical multi-objective optimization algorithm SPEA2 was adopted to get the solution of the model,as a consequence,the Pareto optimal solution set of the multi-objective location problem was obtained,then selected the compromise solution from the Pareto optimal solution set with the fuzzy set theory.Finally,taking the urban area within the outer ring road of Shanghai as an example,the paper verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the model,so as to provide the decision basis for scientific site selection of the fire station.