口腔医护人员传染病职业暴露危险因素及防护

Occupational exposure risk factors and protection for dental health care workers from contagion

口腔医护人员长期暴露在各种致病因素之中,其中对传染病病原体的暴露是威胁口腔医生身体健康的一个重要因素。病原微生物在口腔诊疗过程中传播的基本途径有:血源性传播、飞沫传播、接触传播以及气溶胶传播。通过这些途径,微生物群落如朊毒体、病毒、真菌、细菌等得以传播。2019年12月以来,随着由2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV、SARS-CoV-2)引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在武汉爆发,口腔诊疗过程中产生的气溶胶带来的感染风险也迅速被人重视。本文总结目前人们对传染性疾病在口腔诊疗环境中传播和风险因素的相关研究,以便口腔临床医生参考,做好相关的防护,避免职业暴露的发生。

Dentists are exposed to various pathogens,particularly to infectious disease pathogens that seriously threaten their health.The basic transmission ways of pathogenic microorganisms in dental operation include blood-borne,splatter,contact,and aerosol transmissions.Microbial colonies,such as prions,viruses,fungi,and bacteria,are transmitted through these pathways.With the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)caused by 2019-nCoV(SARS-CoV-2)in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China since December 2019,the risk of infection caused by aerosols generated during dental operations has received increasing attention.This review summarizes current studies on the spread of infectious diseases in dental operations and the related risk factors to encourage oral physicians to prioritize protection and avoid occupational exposure.