旋转超声-低频复合振动钻孔技术研究

Investigation on Ultrasonic and Low-Frequency Rotating Vibration Drilling

针对旋转超声钻用于建筑装修时,噪声小而效率偏低的问题,笔者进行了振动钻机构原理创新与试验研究。首先,搭建了高低频复合旋转超声的试验振动样机,可以实现稳定的高低频复合轴向振动钻孔作业;其次,以黏土砖为对象,进行了钻孔效率试验与振动分析,低频振动的引入,虽然使超声锤击工件表面的时间缩短了80%,但在进给力基本不变的条件下,钻孔速度提高了一倍左右,噪声仍可控制在60dB(A);最后,结合振动特性分析可以推断,在高低频复合振动钻孔过程中,超声振动主要负责对脆性材料的破碎作业,而低频振动主要负责将破碎后形成的颗粒快速离开切削区,从而提高钻进速度。因此,高低频复合振动钻进新原理,可以发挥高频振动与低频振动的优势,有望发展为一类新型钻孔装备。

Rotating ultrasonic drillinggenerate low noise in building but is also low in efficiency.In light of this phenomenon,the mechanism of vibration drilling is improved and verified by experiments.First,a prototype guaranteed normal operation is installed for ultrasonic and low-frequency rotatingvibrationdrilling.Then the drilling efficiency is tested on clay bricks and the vibration is analysed.The results show that low frequency vibration doubles the drilling speed andmaintains the pressing force between the drill bit and processed surface while the interaction time decreased by about 80%.Besides,the noise iscapped below 60dB(A)during the process.To speed up drilling,ultrasonic vibration crushes brittle brick into particles,and low frequency vibration hastens the particles out of the cutting area.In short,the comprehensive drilling techniquetakes advantages of ultrasonic and low frequency vibration to increase the efficiency,and is promising in equipment development.