种粮农户化肥施用技术效率及其影响因素——基于河南省西华县调研数据

Analysis on Technical Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors——Based on Survey Data in Xi Hua County,Henan Province

化肥过量施用是造成农业面源污染的主要原因,为化肥减量增效提供切实可行的建议,基于河南省西华县360个农户的调研数据,采用随机前沿生产函数(SFA),估计农业生产效率和化肥投入的单一要素技术效率,并利用Tobit模型分析化肥技术效率的影响因素。结果表明:小麦平均生产效率为0.842,化肥投入的技术效率为0.3444,即在当前投入不变的情况下可降低化肥投入量的66%,小麦产出不变。农户文化程度、务农劳动力占比和经营面积对化肥施用的技术效率有显著的正面影响作用,农业收入占比、土地细碎化程度对化肥施用技术效率的提升有显著的负面影响。

Excessive application of chemical fertilizers is one of the main causes of agricultural source pollution.In order to provide feasible suggestions for fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement,the stochastic frontier approach(SFA)and Tobit model were applied in the research.Based on the survey data of 360 farmers in Xihua County,the stochastic frontier approach(SFA)was used to estimate the technical efficiency of agricultural production efficiency and single factor of fertilizer input.And the Tobit model was used to analyze its influencing factors.The results show that the average production efficiency of wheat is 0.842,and the technical efficiency of chemical fertilizer input is 0.3444,which means that 66%of chemical fertilizer input can be reduced under the current input.Farmers’education level,agricultural labor share and operating area have a significant positive impact on the technical efficiency of chemical fertilizer application.The proportion of agricultural income and the degree of land fragmentation have a significant negative impact on the efficiency of chemical fertilizer application.