新植蔗一次性施用甘蔗专用缓释肥的效果

Effects of special slow-release fertilizer for newly planted sugarcanes with one time application method

【目的】比较一次性施用甘蔗专用缓释肥与常规施肥间的差异,为构建轻简高效施肥模式提供理论依据。【方法】以桂糖42号为试验材料,设7个施肥处理,即常规施肥(CK)和6个缓释肥配方[分别添加长效剂120 g/t(处理A)、150 g/t(处理B)、235 g/t(处理C)和增效剂3 kg/t(处理D)、8 kg/t(处理E)、18 kg/t(处理F)]一次性施用处理,调查不同施肥处理条件下新植甘蔗的萌芽率、分蘖率、生长期伸长量、产量和品质性状,并分析其经济效益。【结果】一次性施用6个不同配方甘蔗缓释肥,新植蔗的萌芽率(67.61%~75.00%)和总伸长量(229~237 cm)与CK间无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),但分蘖率(22.25%~56.31%)极显著高于CK(P<0.01)(除处理C外);蔗汁锤度、纯度、还原糖和糖分含量等甘蔗品质指标与CK间均无显著差异;有效茎数、产量和经济效益等指示施肥效果的指标均不同程度高于CK,以处理D的有效茎数(59130条/ha)、产量(92.63 t/ha)、农业产值(46312.5元/ha)和收入(39562.5元/ha)最高,分别较CK提高11.70%、11.82%、11.82%和18.64%。【结论】一次性施用甘蔗专用缓释肥,不仅有利于新植甘蔗的生长,提高其产量和品质,还可降低劳动力成本,具有显著的节本增收效果,其中以添加3 kg/t增效剂配方的甘蔗专用缓释肥(处理D)效果最佳。

【Objective】To provide reference for construct a simple and efficient fertilization method for sugarcane production,the different effects on sugarcane by application with special slow-release fertilizer and traditional fertilization were analyzed.【Method】Sugarcane variety,Guitang 42,was used in this experiment,and 7 kinds of fertilization treatments were designed under field experiment conditions,they were traditional fertilization(CK)and 6 kinds of slow release fertilizers[slow-release fertilizer adding 120 g/t long acting agent(treatment A);slow-release fertilizer adding 150 g/t long acting agent(treatment B);slow-release fertilizer adding 235 g/t long acting agent(treatment C);slow-release fertilizer adding 3 kg/t synergists(treatment D);slow-release fertilizer using 8 kg/t synergists(treatment E);slow-release fertilizer using 18 kg/t synergists(treatment F)]for one-time application.Meanwhile,rate of emergence,tillering rate,elongation at growing period,yield and quality traits under different treatments were investigated to analyze the economic benefits.【Result】Even though there was no significant difference in the indexes of rates of germination(67.61%-75.00%)and total elongation(229-237 cm)of newly planted sugarcane under the six fertilization treatments for one time compared with CK(P>0.05,the same below),the rate of tillering(22.25%-56.31%)was extremely higher than that of CK by one-time application with 6 kinds of slow-release fertilizers treatments(P<0.01)(except of treatment C).In addition,the indicator of cane quality,such as the indexes of sugarcane juice brix,purity,the contents of reducing sugar and sugar,were not significantly different between CK and slow-release fertilizer treatments,but the numbers of effective tillers,yield and economic benefits in slow-release fertilizer treatments were all higher than those in CK on different levels.The number of effective tillers,yield,agricultural output and income were all the highest in treatment D with 59130 tiller/ha,92.63 t/ha,46312.5 yuan/ha and 39562.5 yuan/ha,respectively.And these were higher than those in CK with 11.70%,11.82%,11.82%and 18.64%,respectively.【Conclusion】The yield and quality of newly planted sugarcane are not only improved,but also the labor costs can be saved by application with slow-release fertilizers.Slow-release fertilizer adding 3 kg/t synergists(treatment D)has the best effect on yield,quality and economic benefit of sugarcane.