甘草功效和临床用量的本草考证

Herbal textural research on Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma

通过梳理历代本草专著对甘草的记载,发现甘草古今皆用的功效为补脾益气、止咳、缓急止痛、清热解毒、调和诸药。古存今失的功效为生肌、温中、养血补阴生津等。甘草的临床常用量范围,在汉代经方中为3.45~69g;至隋唐时期,甘草的用量范围扩大为3.45~110g,但常用剂量与汉代相同均为2两(27.6g)。至宋金元时期,随着剂型的改变,甘草的临床用量下降,平均剂量为7g。至明清时期,甘草的剂量范围进一步缩窄为1.9~3.7g,其平均剂量仅为3.3g。至现代,甘草的常用剂量为10g。文章通过本草学及医籍考证,从古代文献中挖掘甘草的传统功效和临床用量,分析其历代临床应用的特点和规律,对丰富甘草的临床用药提供了文献依据。

Through combing the records on Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the monograph of materia medica in the past dynasties,it is found that the functions of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in ancient and modern times are invigorating spleen and replenishing qi,relieving cough,relieving pain,clearing heat and detoxifying,and reconciling various drugs.According to the ancient document,it is known that the commonly used range of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is 3.45~69g in the Han dynasty,and in the Sui and Tang dynasties,its clinical application has been widened to 3.45~110g,but the most common dose is 2 liang (27.6g).In the Jin and Yuan dynasties,the dose of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is reduced to 7g level.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,the dose range of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was narrowed down to 1.9~3.7g with an average dose of 3.3g.The commonly used dosage of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma by modern physicians is 10g.This paper analyzed the research progress on Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from medicinal history,clinical application,so as to further research of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.