民国时期水陆地图审查委员会与南海岛礁维权考

The Land and Water Map Review Committee in China’s Republican Period and Safeguarding the Rights in the South China Sea Islands and Reefs

自1930年起,针对以往地图绘制出版存在的各种问题,国民政府开始进行水陆地图审查工作,1933年水陆地图审查委员会正式成立。水陆地图委员会在南海岛礁地名与地图的审订方面做了大量工作,并形成了《中国南海各岛屿华英名对照表》与《中国南海各岛屿图》两个重要成果,尽管具有许多时代局限性,但仍为后来的南海维权打下了基础。成立水陆地图委员会的直接目的,在于应对1933年法国殖民者侵占我国南沙九小岛所带来的挑战,同时亦兼有向国民普及海洋意识与海疆观念的作用。在法国殖民者侵犯南沙期间,住岛海南渔民自发进行抵制,为维护我国领土主权完整争取了主动。

Since1930,the government of the Republic of China had started to review the land and water maps to correct the problems in the drawing and publishing of previous maps.In 1933,the Land and Water Map Review Committee was established,doing a lot of work on the reviews of the toponymies and maps about the South China Sea islands and reefs while compiling two important achievements,namely Comparison Table on the Chinese and English Names of the South China Sea Islands and An Account of the South China Sea Islands.Although with plenty of historical limitations,they still laid the foundation for safeguarding the rights in the South China Sea af terwards.The establishment of this Committee directly aimed at the challenges from the French colonists who oc cupied the nine small islands in Nansha,China in 1933,while playing a role in publicizing the awareness of ocean and the concept of maritime boundary to the general public.When the French colonists invaded Nansha,the Hainan fishermen in the islands resisted spontaneously,seizing the initiative in safeguarding the territorial and sovereignty integrity of the South China Sea .