关于中共领导体制的历史考察——以集体领导、“总书记制”与“领导核心”的逻辑关系为视角

A Historical Investigation into the Leadership System of the Communist Party of China:With the Logical Relations of the Collective Leadership,the“General-Secretary System”and the Leadership Core as a Perspective

作为无产阶级政党,中国共产党始终把集体领导和民主集中制作为根本原则。这一原则要真正得以贯彻落实,必须要有相应的制度体制设计。这一体制设计经历了从“主席制”到“总书记制”的演变过程。不论实行哪种体制,在哪个时期,毛泽东邓小平等党的领袖在阐述集体领导的同时,又十分突出强调领导核心问题。领导核心是集体领导的重要保证。1989年邓小平等第一次把“核心”与党的领导人(总书记)名字联系起来,体现了“没有核心要树立培养核心”的思想。历史常有惊人的相似之处,但又不是简单的循环。十八届六中全会重提“核心”,正式提出“以习近平同志为核心”,是特定历史条件的产物,是与时代需要高度契合的。通过回顾历史,可以从中发现规律,得出一些重要启示。

As a proletarian party,the Communist Party of China always views the collective leadership and demo cratic centralism as the fundamental principle.The real practice of this principle involves the design of relevant in stitution,which undergoes an evolution from the“Chairman system”to the“General Secretary system”.Despite the selection of any system in the different periods,Mao Zedong,Deng Xiaoping and other CPC leaders,while explicat ing the collective leadership,gave prominent priority to the issue of the leadership core due to its important guaran tee for collective leadership.In 1989,Deng Xiaoping and other leaders firstly connected the“core”with the name of the CPC leader(General Secretary),representing the thought of“cultivating the core if a core does not exist”.History always has the extraordinary simi larities,but is not the simple circulation.The“core”was brought up again in the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC,officially coming up with the leadership“with the Comrade Xi Jinping as its core”.This is a product of specific historical conditions and is highly compatible with the needs of the times.A thorough re view of the history can help discover the rules and acquire some important enlightenment.