阻燃聚氨酯的研究及应用进展

Research of Flame Retardancy of Polyurethane and its Application Progress

聚氨酯材料具有良好的物理力学性能、优异的耐候性和保温性能,应用广泛。但聚氨酯极易燃烧,极大地限制它的使用范围,所以急需提高聚氨酯的阻燃性能。本文介绍了聚氨酯的阻燃必要性,从聚氨酯结构自阻燃和引入阻燃剂等方面综述了聚氨酯阻燃方法的最新研究进展,重点介绍添加型阻燃剂复配使用、反应型阻燃剂协同阻燃以及纳米材料复合阻燃聚氨酯,同时阐述了不同类型阻燃剂的作用机理,并展望了聚氨酯阻燃的发展趋势,加强对聚氨酯结构自阻燃深入研究,阻燃剂复配技术的完善。

Polyurethane material is widely used because of its good physical and mechanical properties, excellent weather resistance and heat preservation performance. However, polyurethane is so extremely flammable, which greatly limits its range of use, that it is urgent to improve its flame retardancy. In view of this, we first introduced the necessity of flame retardancy for polyurethane, then reviewed the latest research progress of flame-retardant methods of polyurethane from the self-flame retardancy of polyurethane structure and the introduction of flame retardants, and put an emphasis on the compound use of additive flame retardants, synergistic flame retardants of reactive flame retardants, and nano-composite flame retardant polyurethane. Meanwhile we explained the mechanism of different kinds of flame retardants, and predicted the development trend of polyurethane flame retardancy, strengthen the deep research in the flame retardant polyurethane structure and the improvement of the flame retardant compound with technology.