杭州市空巢老人身心健康和社会支持对生命质量的影响调查

Study on the influence of physical and mental health and social support on life quality of empty nest elderly in Hangzhou

目的探讨杭州市空巢老人身心健康状况和社会支持现状对生命质量的影响及交互作用,为提高空巢老人生命质量研究提供科学依据。方法利用分层整群随机抽样法抽取杭州市2个城区和3个郊县的992名空巢老人进行健康相关生活质量量表(ED-5Q)、社会支持量表(SSRS)以及老年抑郁量表(GDS-15)调查,分析不同特征空巢老人生命质量得分情况,根据各量表得分,利用Pearson相关性分析研究身心健康和社会支持与生命质量的相关关系。结果身体健康得分为(73. 41±13. 52)分,抑郁量表得分为(4. 11±1. 79)分;社会支持量表测得调查对象社会支持总分为(28. 79±6. 66)分,客观支持为(6. 09±2. 59)分,主观支持为(15. 92±4. 00)分,社会支持利用度得分为(6. 78±2. 28)分,EQ-5D效用值为(0. 75±0. 13)分。已婚组空巢老人生命质量得分高于离婚组和丧偶/单身组,差异有统计学意义(F=8. 462,P <0. 01);收入水平越高的空巢老人生命质量得分越高,差异有统计学意义(F=18. 329,P <0. 01);患有慢性病的空巢老人生命质量得分低于不患慢性病的空巢老人,差异有统计学意义(F=-2. 919,P <0. 01);担心养老的空巢老人生命质量得分低于不担心养老的空巢老人,差异有统计学意义(F=16. 78,P <0. 01)。经Pearson相关性分析,客观支持(r=0. 141)、主观支持(r=0. 291)、支持利用度(r=0. 071)和社会支持总得分(r=0. 254)与生命质量呈正相关,抑郁得分与生命质量呈负相关(r=-0. 252)。结论得到客观支持和主观支持越多,对社会支持的利用度越高,身心健康状况越好,空巢老人健康相关生命质量越优;减轻抑郁状况,有利于提高空巢老人健康相关生命质量。

Objective To explore the influence and interaction of the physical and mental health status and social support status of the empty nesters in Hangzhou on the quality of life,provide scientific basis for improving the life quality of emptynesters. Methods By using stratified cluster random sampling method,992 empty nesters from 2 urban areas and 3 suburban counties in Hangzhou were selected for the investigation of health-related quality of life scale( ED-5Q),social support scale( SSRS) and elderly depression scale( GDS-15),and the quality of life scores of empty nesters with different characteristics were analyzed. The correlation between physical and mental health and social support and quality of life was studied by Pearson correlation analysis according to the scores of each scale. Results The score of physical health was 73. 41 ± 13. 52,and the score of depression scale was 4. 11 ± 1. 79. The total social support score of the social support scale was 28. 79 ±6. 66,the objective support was 6. 09 ± 2. 59,and the subjective support was 15. 92 ± . 4. 00 points,the score of social support utilization was 6. 78 ± 2. 28,and the EQ-5D utility value was 0. 75 ± 0. 13. The quality of life of married empty nesters was higher than that of divorce group and widowed/single group( F = 8. 462,P < 0. 01),the empty nesters had the higher quality of life score with the higher income level( F = 18. 329,P < 0. 01). The quality of life of empty nesters with chronic diseases was lower than that of empty nesters without chronic diseases( F =-2. 919,P < 0. 01),the quality of life of empty nesters worried about old age was lower than that of empty nesters who were not worried about pension( F = 16. 78,P < 0. 01). Pearson correlation analysis showed objective support( r = 0. 141),subjective support( r = 0. 291),support utilization( r = 0. 071),total social support score( r = 0. 254) were positively correlated with quality of life,and depression score was negatively correlated with quality of life( r =-0. 252). Conclusion The empty nesters had more objective support and subjective support,the higher utilization of social support,the better physical and mental health,the better the health-related quality of life. The reduction of depression is conducive to improving the health-related quality of life of empty nesters.