济南市中老年居民骨质疏松预防自我管理行为及相关因素分析

Analysis on osteoporosis prevention self-management behavior and related factors among middle-aged and old residents in Jinan

目的了解济南市中老年居民骨质疏松预防自我管理行为及其影响因素,为制定切合实际的干预方案提供科学依据。方法 2018年1月对济南市1 224名40岁以上常住居民进行问卷调查,用SPSS21. 0软件进行统计分析。结果济南市中老年居民骨质疏松相关知识和自我效能总体水平不高,条目平均分分别为(0. 45±0. 19)分和(6. 50±2. 52)分。自我管理行为水平条目平均分为(2. 98±0. 98)分,且运动行为水平高于饮食选择行为水平,差异有统计学意义(Z=-9. 47,P <0. 01)。预防骨质疏松自我管理行为与其相关知识(r=0. 39,P <0. 01)、自我效能水平呈中度正相关(r=0. 54,P <0. 01)。多元回归分析显示,相关知识水平、自我效能及文化程度、工作情况是骨质疏松自我管理行为的影响因素(P <0. 05)。结论应将多种自我效能提高策略相结合,科普营养学、营养标签、运动和钙摄入等多方面的知识,提升社区中老年居民的相关知识和自我效能水平,使其行为得以改善。

Objective To understand the self-management behavior of osteoporosis prevention and its influencing factors among the middle-aged and elderly residents in Jinan,provide scientific basis for the development of practical intervention programs. Methods The questionnaire survey method was conducteel among 1 224 local residents over the age of 40 in Jinan. SPSS21. 0 was used to analyze. Results The overall level of related knowledge and self-efficacy was not high,the item average mark were respectively( 0. 45 ± 0. 19) and( 6. 50 ± 2. 52). The item average mark of self-management behavior was( 2. 98 ± 0. 98),and the level of exercise behavior was higher than that of eating behavior with statistical significance( Z =-9. 47,P < 0. 01). There was moderate positive correlation between osteoporosis prevention self-management behavior and related knowledge( r = 0. 39,P < 0. 01),self-efficacy( r = 0. 54,P < 0. 01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the related knowledge,self-efficacy,culture degree and employment information were the influence factors of osteoporosis selfmanagement behavior( P < 0. 05). Conclusion It should combine a variety of self-efficacy improvement strategies,popular knowledge of nutrition,nutrition label,exercise and calcium intake,so as to improve the relevant knowledge and self-efficacy level of middle-aged and elderly residents in the community and improve their behavior.