火山气体地球化学监测与研究进展

Progress in Geochemical Research and Monitoring of Volcanic Gases

气体地球化学监测是最重要的火山预警研究方法之一。一些发达国家开展火山气体地球化学监测研究较早,包括对不同火山活动阶段火山气体组分特征的研究,建立了完善的火山气体地球化学观测系统,通过监测火山的CO2、含硫气体、气体比值及同位素组成等,对一些火山喷发作出了成功预警。我国开始火山气体地球化学监测研究较晚,时间短(仅有30余年),目前仅在吉林长白山天池火山、云南腾冲火山等几个火山区开展了监测工作,还处于起步阶段,缺少实时、连续、高采样率监测方法及连续火山气体通量监测。建议参照国外成功的火山预警案例,尽快在我国主要火山区增加火山气体地球化学观测手段,并开展连续火山气体通量监测和研究工作。

The monitoring of geochemical properties of volcano gases is one of the most important methods for the early warning of volcano eruptions. Some developed countries have carried out researches on monitoring volcanic gases for a long time, conducted studies on characterizing volcanic gas components in different stages of the volcanic activity, established a sound observation system of volcanic gas geochemistry, and, therefore, some volcanic eruptions had been successfully early warned by monitoring CO2, sulfur-containing gas, gas ratio and isotopic composition of volcanic gases. In China, the research of volcanic gas geochemical monitoring has been carried out for only 30 years. At present, the monitoring work has been carried out in limited volcanic areas, such as the Tianchi volcano in the Changbai Mountain, Jilin province, the Tengchong volcano in the Yunnan province, etc., and the monitoring is still in its initial stage, lacking continuous real-time high-sampling-rate monitoring methods and lacking the continuous flux monitoring of volcanic gases. It is suggested to increase the means of volcanic gas geochemical monitoring in major volcanic areas of China as soon as possible, and to carry out the continuous monitoring and research on fluxes of volcanic gases.