民事虚假诉讼认定的规范化探讨

Discussion on Making Identification of Civil Fraud Litigation

民事虚假诉讼的规制制度在不断完善,大量的民事判决反映出的却是虚假诉讼认定存在不规范的问题。诉讼主体举证责任不清晰、举证标准不明显、法院行使职权不积极已成为虚假诉讼认定不规范的突出表现。产生问题的原因在于对民事虚假诉讼概念范围界定不明确、规范目的理解有偏差、虚假诉讼规制制度使用过度,因此,应该在厘定民事虚假诉讼的概念范围的基础上实现司法居中裁判的回归。为了实现虚假诉讼认定的规范化,应当加强虚假诉讼的事前规制,明确制度的谦抑性,增强判决的说理性。

A large number of civil judgments reflect the problem of irregularities found in civil fraud litigation recognition,although the regulatory system for civil false lawsuits is constantly improving.The unclarity fo litigation subject's burden of proof,the unobvious standard of proof,and the ineffective court's exercise have become a prominent manifestation of the irregularity of false litigation.The problems are caused by the ambiguous definition of the civil fraud litigation,the misunderstanding of the purpose of regulation,and the excessive use of civil fraud litigation regulation system.Therefore,the return of judicial centered judgment should be realized on the basis of determining the scope of the concept of civil fraud litigation.In order to achieve the standardization of civil fraud litigation determination,it is necessary to strengthen the pre-regulation of civil fraud litigation,clarify the modest nature of judicial system,and enhance the rationality of the judgment.