移动支付下“偷换二维码”行为定性研究

Qualitative Research on the Behavior of"Changing QR Code"under Mobile Payment

移动支付下出现了一种新型的支付方式——二维码支付。扫码支付不仅促进了经济的发展、提升了交易的效率,也给人们的生活带来了极大的便捷,但也衍生出一系列的弊端。近年来,通过偷换二维码来获取非法利益的案件逐渐增多,但对其应该如何定性,法学界存在争议。从整体而言,争议的双方分别持诈骗罪或者是盗窃罪的观点。一般认为,盗窃罪属于违背被害人意志取得财产的犯罪,被害人无处分行为和无处分意识;而利用被害人有瑕疵的意志则属于诈骗罪的范畴,并且被害人有一定的处分意识和处分行为。两罪区分时,被害人是否有处分意思和处分行为是两罪区分的核心因素。通过采用调查法和文献研究法,梳理两罪构成要件及其重要的区分要素,结合刑法理论和实践分析,最终认为偷换二维码的行为应该构成盗窃罪。

QR code payment is a new way of payment with the emergence of mobile payment.This scanning payment not only promotes the economic development,improves the efficiency of transaction,but also brings great convenience to our life.Nevertheless it gives rise to a series of malpractices.In recent years,the examples of obtaining illegal benefits by stealing of QR codes have been increasing gradually,but there are disputes in the legal field about how to characterize them.Two sides of the dispute hold views on larceny or the crime of fraud.It is generally believed that larceny is a crime of obtaining property against the will of the victim.The crime of fraud belongs to the crime that the victim disposes of property based on wrong understanding.The core factor to distinguish this two crimes is whether the victim has the disposition intention and disposition behavior.Through the methods of investigation and literature research,this paper sorts out the constitutive elements and the important distinguishing elements of the two crimes,and,by combining criminal law theory and practice analysis,finally comes to a conclusion that the act of stealing the QR codes should constitute the crime of larceny.