文冠果工厂化育苗组织培养技术体系建立

Establishment of in vitro Cultures in Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge

文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge)是中国特有的一种抗旱耐盐的油料绿化树种,千花一果、植株变异大;扦插、嫁接等无性繁殖方式受母株繁殖材料数量和质量限制,组织培养尚存在不定芽增殖系数低、生根困难、试管苗移栽成活率低等问题。本研究基于植物组织培养进程5个阶段,分别研究其关键技术,发现文冠果茎段以有效氯浓度1.0%的二氯异氰尿酸钠水溶液消毒20 min去污染率最高,达46.7%。不定芽在添加6-苄氨基嘌呤0.8 mg/L、吲哚-3-乙酸0.05 mg/L、蔗糖30 g/L的MS培养基上培养30 d,增殖系数达5.22;在IBA 1.0 mg/L的1/2MS草炭、珍珠岩等比例混合基质上培养30 d,生根率达73.3%;在相同处理的琼脂培养基上的生根率为60.0%;在相同处理的琼脂培养基上培养15 d后,转接至活性炭琼脂培养基上培养15 d,生根率为56.7%。混合基质和琼脂培养基上的小植株驯化成活率分别为93.3%和83.3%。本研究为文冠果组织培养工厂化育苗微型快繁技术体系的建立提供基础。

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge is a unique Chinese drought resistance and salt tolerance oil and greening tree species.The plant with more flowers and few seeds,it is highly variable individuals.Sexual propagation such as cutting and grafting are limited by quantity and quality of mother plant materials.Tissue culture still has some problems such as low rate of multiplication,difficult for rooting,low survival rate of transplanting.This research was based on five major stages of in vitro clonal propagation,studied each stage key technologies.It was found that X.sorbifolia stem explants were emerged with 1.0%effective chlorine of sodium dichloroisocyanurate solution disinfection for 20 minutes,the sterilization rate was 46.7%.Shoots on MS media supplemented with 6-benzy laminopurine(6-BA)0.8 mg/L,indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)0.05 mg/L and sucrose 30 g/L for 30 days,the multiplication coefficient achieved at 5.22;the rooting rate reached 73.3%incubation on indolebutyric acid(IBA)1.0 mg/L 1/2MS mixed media of peat and perlite after 30 days;the rooting rate was 60.0%on the same agar media;cultured on the same agar media 15 days,then transferred to activated carbon agar media for 15 days,the rooting rate was 56.7%.The plantlet acclimatization survival rates on the mixed matrix and agar media were 93.3%and 83.3%respectively.This research is a basis for establishment of micro-propagation technology systems in X.sorbifolia for large scale in vitro culture.