学龄前留守儿童执行功能的发展趋势和影响因素研究

AStudy on the Development Trend and Influencing Factors of Executive Function of Preschool Left Behind Children

[目的]研究学龄前留守儿童执行功能各个子成分的发展趋势和影响因素。[方法]本研究使用执行功能任务组和《自编留守儿童基本信息调查表》对155名南昌市农村地区的学龄前留守儿童进行测量和调查。[结果]①学龄前留守儿童执行功能各个子成分在3-5岁之间显著提升。②5人和5人以上共同居住的学龄前留守儿童在认知灵活性任务FIST(2)中表现水平好于5人以下居住的儿童。③与母亲在18个月月龄之后分离的学龄前留守儿童在抑制控制任务SCA中表现水平好于与母亲在未满6个月月龄分离的儿童;与母亲在18个月月龄之后分离的学龄前留守儿童在工作记忆任务VWM中表现水平好于与母亲在未满6个月月龄分离和6个月月龄到18个月月龄之间与母亲分离的儿童;与母亲在18个月月龄之后分离的学龄前留守儿童在工作记忆任务WMS中表现水平好于6个月月龄到18个月月龄之间与母亲分离的儿童。④4岁以下的学龄前留守儿童,每日电子产品使用时间较短的留守儿童在抑制控制任务GNG中表现水平好于使用时间中等和使用时间较长的儿童;每日电子产品使用时间较短和使用时间较长的留守儿童在认知灵活性任务FIST(1)中表现水平均好于使用时间中等的儿童。[结论]家庭生活环境会影响学龄前留守儿童执行功能的发展。

Objective:To study the development trends and influencing factors of each subcom-ponent of executive function among left-behind children in preschool age.Methods:This stud-y measured and surveyed 155 preschool left-behind children in rural areas of Nanchang using th-e executive function task group and the Self-made Left-behind Children Survey Form.Results:①The components of executive function of left-behind children in preschool age were significantly i-mproved between 3-5 years old.②5 and more than 5 people children who live together in the Cognitive Flexibility task have a better performance in FIST(2)than Less than 5 people.③In t-erms of the performance level of SCA task in Inhibitory Control,children separated from their m-others after 18 months are better than those separated from their mothers between the ages of les-s than 6 months.In terms of the performance level of VWM task in Working Memory,children s-eparated from their mothers after 18 months are better than those separated from their mothers b-etween the ages of less than 6 months and the ages between 6 months and 18 months.In terms o-f the performance level of WMS task in Working Memory,children separated from their mothers after 18 months are better than those separated from their mothers between the ages of less tha-n 6 months and the ages between 6 months and 18 months.④For Left-behind children unde-r 4 years of age,in terms of the performance level of the GNG tasks in Inhibitory Control,childr-en with shorter daily use of electronics perform better than children with medium use and lo-nger use.In terms of the performance level of FIST(1)task in Cognitive Flexibility,Left-behin-d children with shorter and longer daily use of electronics perform better than children with medium use.Conclusion:The family living environment will affect the development of executi-ve function of left-behind children in preschool age.