千年词学通论——中国倚声填词的前世与今生

General Introduction to Thousand Years Studies of Ci Poetry——Past and Present of Chinese Traditional Song Lyrics(Outline)

史载,温庭筠"能逐弦吹之音,为侧艳之词"。中国文学史上,词之所谓填者,自此开始。中国倚声填词的前世与今生,亦依此可得论定。此前三百年,自隋末、唐初至晚唐,为其前世;此后一千年,自晚唐,历经宋、元、明、清以及民国、共和而至于今,为其今生;自今而后,一百年,或一千年,延续其今生或昭示其来世。前世与今生,包括倚声填词的发生、发展及蜕变,即其过去、现在和未来。三个时间段,构成一部中国词学史。本文说前世因缘,包括词的起源、词学观念以及词学科目的创立问题,着重交代倚声填词的来历及质性;说今生际遇,包括温庭筠之后的一千年以及王国维之后的一百年,着重对于词学学科、治词门径、词学理论以及中国今词学的创立等问题进行探讨及论断;说当下急务及来世怀想,乃把握本初,以预示来生。三个时间段,总其轨迹,终极推演。谓声学、艳科,前世生成,词业进步,仍须从开始时开始;将弦吹之音与侧艳之词,看作目标和出发点。这才真正是中国的倚声填词。

In the history of Chinese literature,Wen Tingyun,considered as the first Ci poet,could compose lyrics of euphemism and ornateness according to the pattern and rhyme of orchestral music.Thus,the past and the present of Ci poems as Chinese traditional song lyrics are asserted:Three hundred years before Wen,the past of Ci poem started from the late Sui Dynasty,the early Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty;One thousand years after Wen,from the late Tang Dynasty,the present of Ci poem has gone through Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Republic of China and the Peoples’Republic of China to today.From now on,one hundred years or one thousand years,the continuation may declare its future.The past,the present and the future of Ci poem include its occurrence,development and transformation.These three periods constitute the history of Chinese Ci poetry.The previous existence mentioned in this article includes the origin of Ci poem,the concepts and the foundation of subjects of Ci poetry,and focuses on the background and characters of Ci poem creation.As for current circumstances,one thousand years after Wen Tingyun and one hundred years after Wang Guowei,focuses on the discussion about subjects,approaches and theories of Ci poetry,also the foundation of current Chinese research of Ci poem.As for the current emergency and the future prospect,we could hold the essence and foreshow the future.The conclusion is the ultimate induction of development trajectory during these three periods.The acoustics and the amorous discipline had been formed in the past,and the progress of Ci poetry should still start from the beginning.The pattern and rhyme of orchestral music and the lyrics of euphemism and ornateness should be regarded as starting point and objective.That’s the Chinese Ci poetry.