秦代刑事责任能力标准辨析

The Analysis of the Identification Standard to Criminal Responsibility in the Qin Dynasty

秦代以身高作为刑事责任能力的认定标准是学界一直以来的共识,但从已出土秦简内容来推断,身高并非一个独立的行为能力认定标准,而是年龄标准的有效补充。以身高标准为减免依据做出的案件判决都有其所代表的年龄标准为基础支撑,身高认定标准只有在需要从事高强度体力劳动的特定人群量刑或者罪犯户籍没有明确年龄记录的特殊情况下才会发挥作用。这种将年龄和身高同时作为法律行为能力的认定标准、区别情况使用的做法,体现了秦律严苛但不失科学性的特征。

The height of people,as the qualification standard to the standard of criminal responsibility in the Qin Dynasty,is the common knowledge in the academia.According to the contents in Qin Bamboo slips,the height is not the standard to an individual deed ability,but the effective supplement to the age.The probation based on the height has fundamental support of representative standard,which means the height standard only makes effect in the specific people sentencing with high-intensity manual labor,and some special situation without certain age record.This identification standard to the legal deed ability combining height and age shows the rigor and scientific cachet of the Qin Law.